什么是IOC
IOC(Inversion of Control):控制反转。开发过程中类里面需要用到很多个成员变量
传统的写法:你要用这些成员变量的时候,那么你就new出来用 IOC的写法:你要用这些成员变量的时候,使用注解的方式自动注入进去 优点:代码量减少,加速开发 缺点:性能消耗加大,阅读性差,加速65535
框架的思路
框架例子
//实现Button自动findViewById的工作@ViewById(R.id.bt_ioc)private Button bt_ioc;复制代码
实现思路
- 创建自定义注解 @ViewById
- 通过某个字节码文件获取对应的自定义注解
- 通过反射,获取注解和注解的值 (R.id.bt_ioc)
- 通过对注解的值做相应的操作,并设置回对象自身
实现内容
- 实现通过Id找到控件的功能
- 实现通过Id找到Color、String资源
- 实现绑定view的点击事件、长按事件
- 实现绑定SetContentView
- 实现绑定网络的检测功能
框架的结构
包含的注解介绍
- OnClick:实现点击事件
- OnLongClick:实现长按事件
- ColorById:找到对应的Color值
- ContentViewById:实现SetContentView
- StringById:找到对应的String值
- ViewById:实现findViewById
- CheckNet:实现网络检查功能
框架的使用
下面的这个Activity实现了框架的所有内容
@ContentViewById(R.layout.activity_main)public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @ViewById(R.id.bt_ioc) private Button bt_ioc; @StringById(R.string.app_name) private String app_name; @ColorById(R.color.colorAccent) private int color; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); //IOC演示 InjectManager.inject(this); bt_ioc.setText(app_name); bt_ioc.setBackgroundColor(color); } //支持数组形式的绑定,绑定多个控件 @OnClick({R.id.open_ioc}) @OnLongClick({R.id.open_ioc}) @CheckNet() public void open_ioc() { Toast.makeText(this, "网络可用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }}复制代码
框架的实现
框架的实现分为两步:自定义注解的创建和通过反射进行注入
一、自定义注解
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface OnClick { int[] value();}@Target(ElementType.METHOD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface OnLongClick { int[] value();}@Target(ElementType.FIELD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface ColorById { int value();}@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface ContentViewById { int value();}@Target(ElementType.FIELD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface StringById { int value();}@Target(ElementType.FIELD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface ViewById { int value();}@Target(ElementType.METHOD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface CheckNet {}复制代码
Target注解的介绍
- @Target(ElementType.XXX):代表的是注解放在XXX位置
- @Target(ElementType.TYPE):接口、类、枚举、注解
- @Target(ElementType.FIELD):字段、枚举的常量
- @Target(ElementType.METHOD):方法
- @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER):方法参数
- @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR):构造函数
- @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE):局部变量
- @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE):注解
- @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE):包
Retention注解的介绍
- @Retention(Policy.RUNTIME):代表运行时检测,class文件中存在
- @Retention(Policy.CLASS):代表编译时检测,存在于class文件中,运行时无法获取
- @Retention(Policy.SOURCE):代表在源文件中有效(在.java文件中有效)
二、注入步骤
从使用中可以看到,注入中最重要的步骤的是:InjectManager.inject(this),这里主要负责的事情有
- 注入ContentView
- 注入变量
- 注入事件
public class InjectManager { public static void inject(Activity activity) { inject(new ViewManager(activity), activity); } public static void inject(Fragment fragment) { inject(new ViewManager(fragment), fragment); } /** * 注入 * * @param viewManager * @param object */ private static void inject(ViewManager viewManager, Object object) { InjectManagerService.injectContentView(viewManager, object); InjectManagerService.injectField(viewManager, object); InjectManagerService.injectEvent(viewManager, object); }}复制代码
这里会使用到ViewManager辅助类,代码很简单,后面会用到
public class ViewManager { private Activity mActivity; private Fragment mFragment; private View mView; public ViewManager(Activity activity) { this.mActivity = activity; } public ViewManager(View view) { this.mView = view; } public ViewManager(Fragment fragment) { this.mFragment = fragment; } /** * 通过Id查询View * * @param resId * @return */ public View findViewById(int resId) { View view = null; if (mActivity != null) { view = mActivity.findViewById(resId); } if (mFragment != null) { view = mFragment.getActivity().findViewById(resId); } if (mView != null) { view = mView.findViewById(resId); } return view; } /** * 设置根布局,仅限Activity * * @param resId */ public void setContentView(int resId) { if (mActivity != null) { mActivity.setContentView(resId); } } /** * 获取颜色 * * @param resId */ public int getColor(int resId) { int color = -1; if (mActivity != null) { color = mActivity.getResources().getColor(resId); } if (mFragment != null) { color = mFragment.getActivity().getResources().getColor(resId); } return color; } /** * 获取字符串 * * @param resId */ public String getString(int resId) { String str = ""; if (mActivity != null) { str = mActivity.getString(resId); } if (mFragment != null) { str = mFragment.getActivity().getString(resId); } return str; }}复制代码
在InjectManagerService中,也是上面的三个主要步骤,主要还是下面通过反射实现其真正的效果
public class InjectManagerService { /** * 注入根布局 * * @param viewManager * @param object */ public static void injectContentView(ViewManager viewManager, Object object) { injectContentViewById(viewManager, object); } /** * 注入变量 * * @param viewManager * @param object */ public static void injectField(ViewManager viewManager, Object object) { injectFieldById(viewManager, object); } /** * 注入事件 * * @param viewManager * @param object */ public static void injectEvent(ViewManager viewManager, Object object) { injectOnClick(viewManager, object); injectOnLongClick(viewManager, object); } /** * 注入根布局 * * @param viewManager * @param object */ private static void injectContentViewById(ViewManager viewManager, Object object) { Class clazz = object.getClass(); ContentViewById contentView = clazz.getAnnotation(ContentViewById.class); if (contentView != null) { int layoutId = contentView.value(); viewManager.setContentView(layoutId); } } /** * 注入findViewById事件 * * @param viewManager * @param object */ public static void injectFieldById(ViewManager viewManager, Object object) { //1. 获取Activity字节码,这里以Activity为例 Class clazz = object.getClass(); //2. 获取字节码中所有的成员变量 Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields(); if (fields != null) { //3. 遍历所有变量 for (Field field : fields) { //4. 找到对应的注解 ViewById viewById = field.getAnnotation(ViewById.class); StringById stringById = field.getAnnotation(StringById.class); ColorById colorById = field.getAnnotation(ColorById.class); if (viewById != null) { //5. 获取注解中的值 int viewId = viewById.value(); //6. findViewById并设置访问权限 View view = viewManager.findViewById(viewId); field.setAccessible(true); try { //7. 动态注入到变量中 field.set(object, view); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (stringById != null) { int viewId = stringById.value(); String string = viewManager.getString(viewId); field.setAccessible(true); try { field.set(object, string); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (colorById != null) { int viewId = colorById.value(); int color = viewManager.getColor(viewId); field.setAccessible(true); try { field.set(object, color); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } /** * 注入点击事件 * * @param viewManager * @param object */ public static void injectOnClick(ViewManager viewManager, Object object) { Class clazz = object.getClass(); Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods(); if (methods != null) { for (Method method : methods) { OnClick onClick = method.getAnnotation(OnClick.class); if (onClick != null) { int[] viewIds = onClick.value(); for (int viewId : viewIds) { View view = viewManager.findViewById(viewId); //检查网络 boolean isCheckNet = method.getAnnotation(CheckNet.class) != null; if (view != null) { view.setOnClickListener(new DeclaredOnClickListener(method, object, isCheckNet)); } } } } } } /** * 注入长按事件 * * @param viewManager * @param object */ public static void injectOnLongClick(ViewManager viewManager, Object object) { Class clazz = object.getClass(); Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods(); if (methods != null) { for (Method method : methods) { OnLongClick onLongClick = method.getAnnotation(OnLongClick.class); if (onLongClick != null) { int[] viewIds = onLongClick.value(); for (int viewId : viewIds) { View view = viewManager.findViewById(viewId); //检查网络 boolean isCheckNet = method.getAnnotation(CheckNet.class) != null; if (view != null) { view.setOnLongClickListener(new DeclaredOnLongClickListener(method, object, isCheckNet)); } } } } } }}复制代码
这里用到两个点击事件,并且将检查网络作为参数传进去到事件中处理,由于长按事件和点击事件大同小异,这里只贴一处代码
public class DeclaredOnLongClickListener implements View.OnLongClickListener { private Method mMethod; private Object mObject; private boolean mIsCheckNet; public DeclaredOnLongClickListener(Method method, Object object, boolean isCheckNet) { this.mMethod = method; this.mObject = object; this.mIsCheckNet = isCheckNet; } @Override public boolean onLongClick(View v) { if (mIsCheckNet) { if (!NetUtils.isNetworkAvailable(v.getContext())) { Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "网络不可用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true; } } //执行点击事件 try { mMethod.setAccessible(true); mMethod.invoke(mObject, v); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); try { mMethod.invoke(mObject, null); } catch (Exception e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } return true; }}复制代码
结语
到这里IOC框架就结束了,其中比较重要的两点是注解的自定义和通过反射获取属性值并注入,其实代码挺简单的,反复看看还是挺容易理解的,大家可以结合源码进行阅读,其实在IOC路上还有权限的申请等功能可以实现,不过已经有第三方框架已经做好了.